1、 Working principle of Roots blower

罗茨风机是一种容积式回转高压风机，以发明人美国罗茨兄弟的姓氏命名。罗茨风机有两个转子，在电机带动下，两个转子会相向转动，当转子转过进气口之后，两个转子和墙板及机壳之间会形成一个密封的腔室，转子继续转动，密封腔室里面的空气会被压入排气口，如此反复经过进气口和排气口，可以不断地将外界空气吸入又排出。两转子相互之间、两转子与机壳及侧盖板之间，既要保证相互不发生碰撞，又要保证不因间隙过大影响效率。两转子运转中始终保持微小间隙，使排出的气体尽量不返回进气室。

Roots blower is a positive displacement rotary high-pressure blower, named after the inventor of the American Roots Brothers. Roots blower has two rotors. Driven by the motor, the two rotors will rotate in opposite directions. When the rotor rotates through the air inlet, a sealed chamber will be formed between the two rotors, the wall panel and the casing. The rotor continues to rotate, and the air in the sealed chamber will be pressed into the exhaust port. In this way, the outside air can be continuously inhaled and discharged through the air inlet and exhaust port repeatedly. Between the two rotors, between the two rotors and the casing and the side cover plate, it is necessary to ensure that there is no collision with each other and that the efficiency is not affected by excessive clearance. Keep a small gap between the two rotors during operation, so that the exhaust gas will not return to the inlet chamber as much as possible.

其特点为输出的风量与回转数成正比，当风机出口压力变化时，输送的风量并没有显著变化。罗茨风机有较高的压强，压力在一百千帕以下时，效率远超空压机，用途非常广泛，是污水处理、气力输送、曝气增氧重要气源设备。

Its characteristic is that the output air volume is proportional to the rotation number. When the fan outlet pressure changes, the delivered air volume does not change significantly. Roots blower has a high pressure. When the pressure is below 100 kPa, its efficiency is far higher than that of air compressor. It has a wide range of uses. It is an important air source equipment for sewage treatment, pneumatic transmission, aeration and oxygenation.

二、罗茨风机常见的故障类型

2、 Common fault types of Roots blower

根据我们锦工多年维修经验总结，罗茨鼓风机故障的常见原因主要包括断轴、轴承损坏、机组振动大、转子卡死、轴封泄漏等等。

According to our years of maintenance experience, the common causes of roots blower failures mainly include broken shaft, bearing damage, large unit vibration, rotor seizure, shaft seal leakage, etc.

1、罗茨风机故障原因分析

1. Cause Analysis of Roots Blower Failure

转子与机壳或转子间摩擦是罗茨鼓风机的常见问题，若在运转中显示此问题，可能有着比较严重的机械振动与噪音。罗茨鼓风机经过较长时间停机后，频频出现叶轮卡涩的现象，锦工风机把问题的主要原因梳理为以下几大类。

Friction between rotor and casing or between rotors is a common problem of Roots blower. If this problem is shown during operation, there may be serious mechanical vibration and noise. After the Roots blower has been shut down for a long time, the impeller jam frequently occurs. The main causes of the problem are classified into the following categories.

（1）转子分叶、合叶间隙有问题

(1) There is a problem with the clearance of rotor split and hinge

转子的分叶、合叶间隙有问题，运转中分叶、合叶间隙发生改变。两转子在低速转动的时候会出现撞击，导致转子间摩擦甚卡阻。

There is a problem with the clearance between the split and hinge of the rotor, and the clearance between the split and hinge changes during operation. Two rotors will collide when rotating at low speed, resulting in friction and even jamming between rotors.

一旦运转中出现此机械故障，会使两转子间或转子与机壳出现撞击，发出强力的撞击声；产生振动变大，甚能引起基础产生振动；同时摩擦部位温度在短时间内升高，甚出现机壳发热烧红现象。

Once this mechanical failure occurs during operation, it will make the two rotors collide with each other or with the casing, making a strong impact sound; The vibration will become larger, and even cause the foundation to vibrate; At the same time, the temperature of the friction part increases in a short time, and even the case is hot and red.

（2）轴承损坏

(2) Bearing damage

风机运行工况差、油封损坏、装配间隙超标等都会导致轴承损坏，而轴承损坏会造成温度升高，轴承座温度也会增加，严重时会使轴承座变形。

Poor fan operating conditions, oil seal damage, excessive assembly clearance, etc. will cause bearing damage, while bearing damage will cause temperature rise, bearing seat temperature will also increase, and in serious cases, the bearing seat will be deformed.

特别是轴承内外圈抱死时，轴承座与侧盖板受到较大的额外力，温度也会很高，轴承座与侧盖板受热不均，严重时造成侧盖板变形，出现裂纹。

Especially when the inner and outer rings of the bearing are locked, the bearing seat and the side cover plate will be subjected to a large amount of extra force, and the temperature will also be very high. The bearing seat and the side cover plate will be heated unevenly, which will cause the side cover plate to deform and crack in serious cases.

轴径磨损，使轴与轴承内圈间隙过大，轴承座磨损使轴承座与轴承外圈间隙过大，都会造成转子卡涩或摩擦。特别是皮带连接的风机，主动轴由于受皮带拉力的作用，致使轴承座单向受力较大，容易出现皮带侧主动轴的轴承座单边磨损。

The wear of the shaft diameter causes excessive clearance between the shaft and the bearing inner race, and the wear of the bearing seat causes excessive clearance between the bearing seat and the bearing outer race, which will cause the rotor to jam or friction. Especially for the fan connected by the belt, the driving shaft is subject to the action of the belt tension, resulting in a large one-way force on the bearing seat, which is prone to unilateral wear of the bearing seat of the driving shaft on the belt side.

（3）齿轮磨损

(3) Gear wear

齿轮磨损，齿轮侧间隙增大，将造成两转子位置发生变化，使主动转子与从动转子之间合叶间隙变小、分叶间隙增大，引起两转子互相碰撞、摩擦。

Gear wear and gear side clearance increase will cause the position of the two rotors to change, which will reduce the clearance between the driving rotor and the driven rotor and increase the clearance between the lobes, causing the two rotors to collide and rub with each other.

（4）转子或壳体变形

(4) Deformation of rotor or housing

如果转子或者壳体变形，会使转子外径与机壳的间隙过小，造成转子摩擦和卡涩。

If the rotor or housing is deformed, the clearance between the outer diameter of the rotor and the housing will be too small, resulting in friction and jamming of the rotor.

转子端面与侧盖板间隙小

Small clearance between rotor end face and side cover plate

如果转子与侧盖板间隙过小，有杂物挤进转子与侧盖板间；或轴向定位轴承磨损后，转子的轴向窜量变大，都造成转子与侧盖板发生摩擦，引起转子卡涩。

If the clearance between the rotor and the side cover plate is too small, there are sundries squeezed between the rotor and the side cover plate; Or after the axial positioning bearing is worn, the axial displacement of the rotor becomes larger, which causes friction between the rotor and the side cover plate, causing the rotor to jam.

2、罗茨风机故障处理方式

2. Troubleshooting of Roots blower

（1）调节分合叶间隙

(1) Adjust the clearance of the split blade

用塞尺检查转子分、合叶间隙值，使其在标准范围内。检查调节间隙的背帽与螺栓，保证其完好性。

Use a feeler gauge to check the clearance value of rotor split and hinge to make it within the standard range. Check the back cap and bolt for adjusting the clearance to ensure its integrity.

要求：分叶间隙占总间隙的 1/3，但不小于 0.15mm；合叶间隙占总间隙的 2/3，且要大于齿轮侧隙 1.5 倍。

Requirements: the split clearance accounts for 1/3 of the total clearance, but not less than 0.15mm; Hinge clearance accounts for 2/3 of the total clearance and is 1.5 times larger than the gear side clearance.

合叶为主动转子的啮合面向被动转子有靠近的趋势；分叶为主动转子的啮合面向被动转子有远离的趋势。若转子分、合叶间隙不合适，可调整齿套与轮毂或齿轮与轴的周向相对角度。

The meshing face of the active rotor is close to the passive rotor; The meshing face of the active rotor is far away from the passive rotor. If the clearance between the rotor split and hinge blades is not appropriate, the circumferential relative angle between the gear sleeve and the hub or between the gear and the shaft can be adjusted.

转子分叶、合叶的调整是罗茨风机检修的关键部分，直接决定着检修质量的好坏。不同类型的罗茨风机，有不同的调节形式。轴与齿轮为锥型无键连接时，一般通过调节轴与齿轮周向相对位置；轴与齿轮为键连接时，一般通过调节从动齿轮与轮毂的相对位置。

The adjustment of rotor blades and hinges is the key part of Roots blower maintenance, which directly determines the quality of maintenance. Different types of Roots fans have different adjustment forms. When the shaft and gear are connected in a tapered keyless way, the relative circumferential position of the shaft and gear is generally adjusted; When the shaft and gear are keyed, the relative position between the driven gear and the hub is generally adjusted.

风机正常运转过程中，随着齿轮磨损，间隙都会地发生变化，其中合叶间隙趋向减小，分叶间隙趋向增大。在调整两叶轮的工作间隙时，应预先将合叶间隙适当调大，一般合叶间隙是分叶间隙的 2 倍。

During the normal operation of the fan, the clearance will change with the wear of the gear. The clearance of the hinge tends to decrease and the clearance of the split tends to increase. When adjusting the working clearance of the two impellers, the hinge clearance should be appropriately increased in advance. Generally, the hinge clearance is 2 times of the split clearance.

叶轮间隙调整时，将叶片转到与水平方向呈 45° 的位置，此时两叶轮的间隙即为分叶或合叶间隙。

When adjusting the impeller clearance, first turn the blade to a position 45 ° from the horizontal direction. At this time, the clearance between the two impellers is the split or combined blade clearance.

现场调节时，一般用同样厚度的塞尺固定在两转子间，并将两转子固定，再装入主动齿轮，并将从动齿轮的标记对准主动齿的标记压入轴上，依次装上齿轮挡圈，止动垫圈和紧固螺帽。调整好后再用塞尺测量分叶间隙与合叶间隙的实际大小，如不合适重新调整，直到符合标准。

During field adjustment, generally use a feeler gauge of the same thickness to fix between the two rotors, fix the two rotors, and then install the driving gear, align the mark of the driven gear with the mark of the driving gear and press it onto the shaft, and then install the gear retainer ring, stop washer and fastening nut in turn. After adjustment, use a feeler gauge to measure the actual size of the split clearance and the hinge clearance. If it is not suitable, readjust it until it meets the standard.

（2）更换轴承

(2) Replace bearing

检查侧盖板是否变形有裂纹。变形不严重，可打磨高点；变形严重则更换侧盖板；如有裂纹，可进行补焊。

Check whether the side cover plate is deformed or cracked. The deformation is not serious, and the high point can be polished; If the deformation is serious, replace the side cover plate; If there are cracks, repair welding can be carried out.

检查轴承座与轴径是否磨损。如果轴磨损，一般进行补焊；如果轴承座磨损，单独的轴承座一般更换新件，不进行修理；轴承座与侧盖板为一体时，则补焊轴承座，使其配合间隙达到技术要求。

Check whether the bearing seat and shaft diameter are worn. If the shaft is worn, repair welding is generally carried out; If the bearing seat is worn, the separate bearing seat is generally replaced with a new one without repair; When the bearing seat and the side cover plate are integrated, the bearing seat shall be repaired and welded to make its fit clearance meet the technical requirements.

（3）检查齿侧间隙，更换齿轮

(3) Check the backlash and replace the gear

用红丹粉检查齿轮啮合部位的接触面积。检查齿侧间隙的方法有打表法、塞尺法、压铅丝法。

Check the contact area of the gear engagement part with red lead powder. The methods of checking the backlash at the tooth side include marking method, feeler gauge method and pressing lead wire method.

标准要求：侧隙 0.10~0.18mm、啮合部位在齿面中部，齿表接触面积沿齿高方向不小于 50%，沿齿宽方向不小于 70%。若检测结果不符合要求，需更换齿轮。

Standard requirements: the backlash is 0.10~0.18mm, the meshing part is in the middle of the tooth surface, the contact area of the tooth surface is not less than 50% along the direction of the tooth height, and not less than 70% along the direction of the tooth width. If the test results do not meet the requirements, the gear needs to be replaced.

（4）用塞尺测量转子与壳体的间隙

(4) Measure the clearance between rotor and housing with feeler gauge

转子与壳体间隙的标准范围为 0.3~0.6 mm。现场检修时一般测量 6 点间隙，每个转子的上下与水平方向，如图所示。

The standard range of clearance between rotor and shell is 0.3~0.6 mm. During on-site maintenance, generally measure the clearance at 6 points, the upper and lower and horizontal directions of each rotor, as shown in the figure.

变形较小可以进行打磨处理；变形较大或转子与壳体出现裂纹，应及时报废。

Small deformation can be polished; In case of large deformation or cracks in rotor and shell, it shall be scrapped in time.

（5）清理转子端面与侧盖板

(5) Clean the rotor end face and side cover plate

用塞尺法检测转子端面与机壳的轴向间隙。定位端（ 齿轮侧）间隙d=0.1~0.2 mm，非定位端（ 皮带轮侧）间隙c=0.3~0.5 mm，总间隙的标准是 0.4~0.7mm。

Use the feeler gauge method to measure the axial clearance between the rotor end face and the casing. The clearance at the locating end (gear side) d=0.1~0.2 mm, the clearance at the non-locating end (pulley side) c=0.3~0.5 mm, and the standard of the total clearance is 0.4~0.7 mm.

不同类型的罗茨风机在不同工况下端隙不同，现场检修时按各自检修标准调整。若单侧间隙不合适，可通过加、减轴承调整垫片调整；若总间隙不合适，可通过加、减侧盖板结合面的调整垫片调整，但垫片厚度一般不超过 1mm。用推轴法测量转子的轴向窜量，窜量标准 0.05~0.10mm， 若超过标准值的 1.5 倍，则更换轴承。

The end clearance of different types of Roots fans is different under different working conditions, and shall be adjusted according to their respective maintenance standards during on-site maintenance. If the unilateral clearance is not appropriate, it can be adjusted by adding or removing bearing adjusting shims; If the total clearance is not appropriate, it can be adjusted by adding or removing the adjusting shims on the joint surface of the side cover plate, but the thickness of the shims generally does not exceed 1mm. Measure the axial displacement of the rotor with the shaft pushing method. The displacement standard is 0.05~0.10mm. If it exceeds 1.5 times the maximum value of the standard, replace the bearing.

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